The lucknow pact was an agreement between the indian national congress, led by bal gangadhar tilak. It was presided over by the ambica charan majumdar who was a prominent lawyer and was actively associated with the congress since its birth. There should be separate electorates for all the communities until a community demanded joint electorates. Mohammed ali jinnah a political study, who allowed me the use of his own researches, when i was in karachi. Congress was demanding swaraj so they compromise on joint electorate and latter proved thin edge of wedge for indian nationalism. After finishing his law degree, he started practising law at allahabad district court in 1891, and moved to allahabad high court by december 1893. Pakistan affairs pdf here you will find pakistan affairs notes, current affairs notes, islamiat notes, timelines etc in pdf format.
The great indian national movement the most important events during lord dufferins period 18841888 were the third anglo burmese war 188586 and the establishment of the first all india organisation, the indian national congress. One is the first meeting of the stalwarts mahatma gandhi, jawaharlal nehru and mohd ali jinnah during the indian national congress session of 1916 the lucknow pact was signed and moderates and extremists came together through the efforts of annie besant during this session. The pact asked the british to give more authority to indians. The strength of legislative council should be 10 members out of which fourfifths were to be elected and onefifth to be nominated one third of the elected. The lucknow pact 1916 history, background and drawbacks. However, due to the decision of the british go vernment to annul the partition of bengal, the muslim leadership decided to change its stance. That minto and some conserva tive members of parliament were more popish than. Quotation from the title page of thoughts on pakistan, 1st ed. Lucknow session 1916 the 31st session of the congress was held at lucknow in 1916. The agreement was adopted by the congress and the league in their separate meeting in lucknow in december 1916. Lucknow is known for embroidery works including chikankari, zari, zardozi, kamdani, and gota making goldlace weaving.
The pact also marked the highwater mark of hindumuslim unity. Although this hindu muslim unity was not able to live for more than eight years. An understanding for joint action against the british was reached between the congress and the muslim league and it was called the lucknow pact. The congressmuslim league lucknow pact of 1916 can easily be considered an important landmark during the nationalist movement in india. Muslims should be given onethird representation in the central government. The signing of the lucknow pact by the congress and the muslim league in 1916. It led to a growing belief in british india that home rule selfgovernment was a real possibility. Firstly, this session brought the moderates and extremists in congress on comm. The primary impact of the lucknow pact was that it paved the way for greater hindumuslim unity in india. Historic lucknow pact enters 100th year lucknow news. Firstly, this session brought the moderates and extremists in congress on common platform again after nearly a decade, particularly due to efforts of annie besant the congress president in his address said that if the congress was buried at surat, it is reborn in lucknow in the garden of wajid ali. The lucknow session 1916 presided by ambica charan majumdar was special in many respects.
Muhammad ali jinnah, then a member of the congress as well as the league, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressurize the british government to adopt a more liberal approach to india and give. Muhammad ali jinnah, then a member of the congress as well as the league, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the british government to adopt a more liberal approach to. He was a moderate leader and opposed the separate electorates for muslims under the lucknow pact of 1916. Malaviya became the president of the indian national congress in 1909 and 1918. The great achievement of this pact was the acceptance of congress of the right of separate electorates of muslims. Major reasons for failure of lucknow pact were failure of khilafat. Lucknow pact from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia jump to. The british indian government true to its policy of divide and rule, and despite some efforts to the contrary, by the secretary of state, john 1 morley, succeeded in introducing communal electo rate in the country. The lucknow pact was an agreement that reached between the indian national congress and the muslim league at the following joint session of both the parties held in lucknow in october 1916 during a.
Liberal leadership in league role of young radical muslim leaders like muhammad ali jinnah and the ali brothers international events arrests of muslim leaders for proturkish speeches england fought against turkey turkish ruler caliph or. It was the first and last pact signed between congress and muslim league. Lucknow pact between congress and muslim league 1916. Lucknow session, lucknow pact 1916, short note on lucknow. The muslims succeeded in getting number of seats in the imperial legislative council, 50% seats reserved in punjab,40% in bengal,33% in bombay, 25% in the u. Jinnah was the architect of the 1916 lucknow pact between the congress and. Other pakistani writers who provided me with valuable material include mr. Muhammad ali jinnah, then a member of the congress as well as the league, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the. The great indian national movement brilliance college.
The congress leaders agreed to the pact in the expectation that the executivelegislature relationship in the package of constitutional reforms would essentially be a continuation of the morleyminto reforms. Muhammad ali jinnah, then a member of the congress as well as the league, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressurize the british government to adopt a more liberal approach to india and give indians more. His is a story of continuous efforts by the congress to marginalise him from the early 1920s onward. Create your own haiku deck presentation on slideshare. The lucknow pact was a symbol of unity between the hindus and muslims for first time in the history of freedom struggle in the subcontinent.
The lucknow pact the ambassador of hindumuslim unity. It was the congress that later repudiated the pact. Lucknow pact refers to an agreement reached between the moderates, extremists and themuslim league at the joint session of both the parties, held in lucknow, in the year 1916. At first the league was encouraged by the british and was generally favourable to their rule, but the organization. While there had previously been more acceptance of british rule by the muslim league, the. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. On december 29 tuesday, signing of the lucknow pact would enter its 100th year, as congress becomes a year. The lucknow pact an important step forward in achieving hindumuslim unity was the lucknow pact, 1916.
It was the fourth time that the hindus and muslims had made a joint demand for political reform to the british. Antibritish feelings were generated among the muslims following a war between britain and turkey, which opened the way for the congress and muslim league unity. Muslim league, political group that led the movement calling for a separate muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of british india 1947. The strength of legislative council should be 10 members out of which fourfifths were to be elected and onefifth to be nominated one third of the elected members were to be muslims. Hindus surrendered to the separate identity of the muslims for the first time and agreed on the separate muslim electorate. Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures. Muhammad ali jinnah, being a part of the aiml and the inc, wanted to try to diplomatically pressure the british government. It is regarded a high water marked of hindu muslim unity. He proposed a fourteen point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of all. Lucknow pact 1916 when all india muslim league came into existence, it was a moderate organization with its basic aim to establish friendly relations with the crown. Lucknow pact is an agreement made between the indian national congress inc and the all india muslim league at their respective annual sessions held at lucknow in december 1916. The muslim league was founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of indian muslims.
Indians sacrificed a lot in terms of lives, manpower, supplies, finances and patience with high prices for wheat,rice,kerosine etc. The lucknow pact was a pact created between the allindia muslim league and the indian national congress in lucknow in 1916. Factors leading to the lucknow pact efforts to bring about settlement between congress and the league. The lucknow pact was a resolution reached between the indian national congress and the muslim league to create a more liberal approach to the governance of the country. The meeting at lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and radical wings of the congress. Congress, at its madras session in 1927, adopted jawaharlal nehrus resolution. Oct 22, 2011 the lucknow session 1916 presided by ambica charan majumdar was special in many respects. The lucknow agreement took a new twist with change in muslim leagues political doctrine. Rohit typing center chakiya rajroopur allahabad typing. The lucknow pact was an agreement between the indian national congress, led by bal gangadhar tilak, and the allindia muslim league, led by muhammad ali jinnah. During the 1916 congress session at lucknow two major events occurred. Lucknow tourism lucknow tourist places lucknow travel. Oct 31, 2015 lucknow pact, 1916 lucknow pact refers to an agreement reached between the indian national congress and the muslim league at the joint session of both the parties, held in lucknow, in 1916. The inc was founded in december 28, 1885 at the gokuldas tejpal sanskrit college, bombay.
Mar 10, 2012 the congressmuslim league lucknow pact of 1916 can easily be considered an important landmark during the nationalist movement in india. Jafri, former editor of the civil and military gazette karachi, mr. As editor of the new india newspaper besant was critical of. Lucknow witnessed some of the pivotal moments in the history of india. The muslims had reservations about turkey and going to dispel their probritish reputation. Jinnah was the chief architect of the lucknow pact. Rohit typing center chakiya rajroopur allahabad typing 300. Lucknow pact is considered as a significant event in the political constitutional history of india. Lucknow pact, december 1916, agreement made by the indian national congress headed by maratha leader bal gangadhar tilak and the allindia muslim league led by muhammad ali jinnah. The lucknow pact was seen as a beacon of hope to hindumuslim unity.
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